The construction of new infrastructure (abbreviation: new infrastructure) mainly includes 5G base station construction, UHV, intercity high-speed railway and urban rail transit, new energy vehicle charging piles, big data centers, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet. The industrial chain is an infrastructure system based on the concept of new development, driven by technological innovation, based on information networks, and facing the needs of high-quality development, providing services such as digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, and integrated innovation.
1. Definition of new infrastructure construction
New infrastructure is the national basic construction and infrastructure that implements new development concepts in the era of smart economy, absorbs the achievements of new technological revolutions, realizes national ecologicalization, digitalization, intelligence, high-speed, conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and symmetrical economic structure, and establishes a modern economic system. Construction, including the construction of green environmental protection disaster prevention public health service efficiency system, 5G-Internet-cloud computing-block chain-Internet of Things infrastructure construction, artificial intelligence big data center infrastructure construction, and industrial network foundation centered on the big health industry Facilities construction, new-type urbanization infrastructure construction, emerging technology industry incubation and upgrading infrastructure construction, etc., are innovative, holistic, comprehensive, systematic, fundamental, and dynamic.
2. The value of new infrastructure construction
"New infrastructure" will build a basic network to support the new momentum of China's economy, bring huge acceleration to China's new economy, and at the same time drive the formation of short-term and long-term economic growth points. There are several reasons for this.
First of all, "new infrastructure" is in its infancy and has huge room for investment. In the field of 5G, the country is launching a comprehensive independent network 5G basic network construction. The three major operators plan to build 600,000 base stations in 2020; in the field of data centers, due to the wide application of big data and artificial intelligence, the demand for computing power has increased significantly , Internet companies are scrambling to build ultra-large-scale data centers, Wuhan, Chongqing, Nanjing and other cities have set off a new round of competition in computing power cities; in the field of industrial Internet, many large industrial companies, such as Haier, TCL, Sany Heavy Industry, Xugong Group etc., are accelerating the construction of industrial Internet platforms for the industry, deploying edge computing networks interconnected with machinery and equipment; in the field of artificial intelligence, companies such as Baidu, Megvii, and Yitu are building artificial intelligence open Identification, medical film reading and other fields support ecological development.
Secondly, "new infrastructure" will give birth to a large number of new formats. Just as the popularity of the Internet has brought about the era of e-commerce led by Taobao and JD; the popularity of the mobile Internet has brought about the era of social and sharing economy dominated by WeChat and Didi; the popularity of 4G networks has brought about the era of wireless broadband applications . As the "new infrastructure" becomes a reality, the "network effect" of the "new infrastructure" will bring about exponential growth, bringing a large number of unpredictable high-growth new formats.
Finally, the "new infrastructure" will accelerate the arrival of the "fully online" era of China's economy. As the "new infrastructure" becomes a reality, not only the original digital industry will develop more vigorously, but many traditional service industries and manufacturing industries will also become online industries, and China's industrial digitalization level and Internet technology level will also be further improved. What follows is a more transparent information transmission of the overall economic operation, fewer intermediate links and a more efficient resource organization method. "New infrastructure" may be the key to supporting the new momentum of China's economic development.
3. Main content of new infrastructure construction
On April 20, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission gave an explanation. The new infrastructure mainly includes three aspects:
The first is information infrastructure, which mainly refers to the infrastructure generated based on the evolution of new-generation information technology, such as communication network infrastructure represented by 5G, Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, and Satellite Internet, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain New technology infrastructure represented by such as, computing power infrastructure represented by data center and intelligent computing center, etc.
The second is integrated infrastructure, which mainly refers to the in-depth application of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to support the transformation and upgrading of traditional infrastructure, and then form integrated infrastructure, such as intelligent transportation infrastructure, smart energy infrastructure, etc.
The third is innovation infrastructure, which mainly refers to infrastructure with public welfare attributes that support scientific research, technology development, and product development, such as major scientific and technological infrastructure, science and education infrastructure, and industrial technology innovation infrastructure. With the technological revolution and industrial transformation, the connotation and denotation of new infrastructure are not static, and will continue to be tracked and studied.
4. Development history of new infrastructure construction
From December 19 to 21, 2018, the Central Economic Work Conference was held in Beijing. The conference redefined infrastructure construction and defined 5G, artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, and Internet of Things as "new infrastructure construction." Subsequently, "strengthening the construction of a new generation of information infrastructure" was included in the 2019 government work report.
On July 30, 2019, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and proposed to "accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as information networks."
On January 3, 2020, when the State Council executive meeting determined the measures to promote the steady growth of the manufacturing industry, it proposed to "vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industries, introduce new infrastructure investment support policies such as information networks, and promote intelligent and green manufacturing."
On February 14, 2020, the twelfth meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform pointed out that "infrastructure is an important support for economic and social development. The development of facilities will create an intensive, efficient, economical, intelligent, green, safe and reliable modern infrastructure system.”
On March 4, 2020, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting, emphasizing that "it is necessary to increase investment in public health services and emergency supplies, and accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G networks and data centers."
On March 6, 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a special meeting on accelerating 5G development to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure.
On April 20, 2020, Wu Hao, director of the Department of Innovation and High-Tech Development of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at a press conference of the National Development and Reform Commission that the new infrastructure includes three aspects: information infrastructure, integrated infrastructure, and innovative infrastructure.
On May 7, 2020, it was learned from the "Shanghai Municipal Action Plan for Promoting New Infrastructure Construction (2020-2022)" introduced at the press conference of the Shanghai Municipal Government that Shanghai has initially sorted out the implementation of this area in the next three years. The first batch of 48 major projects and engineering packages is expected to have a total investment of about 270 billion yuan, with governments at all levels investing about 60 billion yuan and the remaining 210 billion yuan being social investment.
In June 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission clarified the scope of the new infrastructure, proposing that "with the new development concept as the premise, driven by technological innovation, based on the information network, and facing the needs of high-quality development, create a foundation for industrial upgrading, integration, and innovation." Facility System" goals.
5. Development status of new infrastructure construction
5.1 On August 6, 2020, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of New Infrastructure in the Transportation Field". By 2035, the construction of new infrastructure in the field of transportation will achieve remarkable results, and smart trains, self-driving cars, and smart ships will be gradually applied.
The "Guiding Opinions" require deepening the application of the mast of the electronic toll collection system (ETC) on expressways, and enriching the application scenarios of vehicle-road coordination. Develop intelligent high-speed EMUs. Construction of infrastructure such as channel geographic information surveying and mapping, navigation waters meteorology, and hydrological monitoring. Promote the interconnection and sharing of core data between airports and airlines, air traffic control, operation support and supervision, and realize global tracking of aircraft. Build a postal big data center and carry out pilot applications of new delivery address codes. Guide the construction of ultra-fast charging and high-power electric vehicle charging facilities in key expressway service areas such as urban agglomerations.
The "Guiding Opinions" also make it clear that it is necessary to promote collaborative applications such as the fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), Beidou system and remote sensing satellite industry applications. Improve the high-precision navigation and location service capabilities of the Beidou system in the transportation industry, and build a high-precision geographic information map of the Beidou system in the industry.
5.2 On September 1, 2020, the China Electronics Standardization Institute held a symposium on new infrastructure construction. Yuntian Lifei, Baidu, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent and other 20 units participated, and proposed to establish a "new information infrastructure construction service alliance".
The new infrastructure alliance will be oriented by national strategy, driven by the market, with enterprises as the main body, centering on the construction of new information infrastructure, building a platform for industry-university-research cooperation, and promoting the level of research and development, design, production, integration, and service, focusing on large-scale The construction of data centers and intelligent computing centers will promote the supply capacity of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional industries, and support the accelerated development of new technologies, new industries, new formats, and new models.
5.3 The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that it will accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G networks and data centers, and build a national industrial Internet big data center in December 2020. Recently, the "Shanghai Industrial Green Loan Supporting Green New Infrastructure (Data Center) Development Guiding Opinions" was formulated and implemented, clearly providing precise financial services for high-quality data center projects, and granting certain loans to data center projects using different advanced energy-saving technologies Interest rates go down.
5.4 China has made outstanding achievements in the construction of new network infrastructure, especially the construction of "dual gigabit" networks.
As of the end of June 2022, the total number of fixed Internet broadband access users of the three basic telecommunications companies reached 563 million, a net increase of 27.05 million over the end of the previous year.
6. Expert opinions on new infrastructure construction
6.1 Focus on domestic demand and deepen international cooperation
Zhang Lianqi, member of the Accounting Standards Strategy Committee of the Ministry of Finance and vice president of the China Taxation Society, believes that to promote "new infrastructure", we must focus on domestic needs, deepen international cooperation, and stand at the strategic height of doing "six stability" work and implementing the "six guarantees" task , focusing on the following five aspects:
First, who is the main body to promote the "new infrastructure". It is necessary to further liberalize market access in the field of infrastructure construction, expand investment entities, and especially treat private capital equally for projects with certain returns. In fact, Huawei, Tencent, Ali and other companies have invested heavily in "new infrastructure". The government, the market, and enterprises support and cooperate with each other. Focusing on infrastructure and commercial applications, the former is joined by the government and the market, while the latter relies more on the market and enterprises. The ability of the market should be handed over to the market as much as possible, which is more in line with the efficiency principle that the market plays a decisive role. .
Second, to promote the "new infrastructure", who will invest, the government and enterprises must have a reasonable division of labor, social capital (enterprises) will go first, and if social capital is absent, the government will fill it. The government's focus is on providing public products for the industry; the government helps companies expand overseas 5G markets and creates a better international business environment for companies; the government needs to provide more opportunities for the implementation of digital services, including government purchases of services.
Third, how to promote "new infrastructure" and how to combine it with industrial applications to speed up the progress of "new infrastructure" is not a simple infrastructure construction, but a coordinated advancement with industrial applications, which can not only enhance the traditional attributes of stable growth of infrastructure, but also Boost innovation and expand new consumption, new formats, and new service models.
During the epidemic, people got used to online consumption, prompting more traditional enterprises to transform online to find new opportunities. Promoting digital infrastructure can further deepen digitalization in various consumption scenarios. Digital infrastructure creates more employment opportunities for college graduates and other groups. Only by consolidating the foundation of digitalization and improving the intelligent development ecology can enterprises better play their role as the main body of innovation and help China's economy cultivate new growth points and form new kinetic energy.
Fourth, focus on domestic demand. If the traditional infrastructure solves the connection between things and people, the construction of roads and airports will bring prosperous commerce to the region; while the new digital infrastructure will solve the problems of data connection, interaction and processing. 5G, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. will bring more room for industrial upgrading and promote the formation of new product services, new production systems and new business models.
Fifth, it is necessary to study and introduce a package of planning measures, including strengthening supporting measures related to taxation, finance and employment. Pragmatically solve problems such as tax burden, electricity charges, business models, and application scenarios.
7. Important measures for new infrastructure construction
To speed up the construction of new infrastructure, we must adhere to the premise of new development concepts, face the needs of high-quality development, focus on key areas and weak links to forge long boards and make up for short boards.
7.1 Focus on forged long plates in key areas of new generation information technology
Appropriately advance the layout of new infrastructure such as 5G infrastructure and big data centers, empower the industrial Internet through 5G, promote the deep integration of 5G and artificial intelligence, and accelerate the construction of a digital China, so as to firmly grasp the history brought about by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to seize the initiative in the development of the digital economy. On this basis, promote the integrated development of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing, accelerate the digital and intelligent transformation of industrial enterprises, improve the level of digital, networked and intelligent development of the manufacturing industry, promote the transformation of manufacturing models, production methods and corporate forms, and drive Industrial transformation and upgrading.
7.2 Focus on the weak links in the development of regional integration and make up for the shortcomings
Areas with economic development advantages such as central cities and urban agglomerations are becoming the main space for carrying development elements, but at the same time they are facing weak links and shortcomings such as geographical boundary restrictions and insufficient regional energy security. It is necessary to speed up the deployment of intercity high-speed railways and intercity rail transit, UHV power hubs, and major scientific and technological infrastructure, science and education infrastructure, and industrial technology innovation infrastructure, etc., coordinate the promotion of cross-regional infrastructure construction, and continuously upgrade central cities and key urban agglomerations. level of infrastructure connectivity.
7.3 Investment and financing mechanism
A large number of high-quality assets have accumulated in the field of infrastructure construction, but it is difficult for these high-quality assets to recover the investment cost in the short term, and the debt risk has increased. How to revitalize these high-quality assets, effectively resolve local debt risks, and promote economic deleveraging is a major problem that must be solved to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure. To solve this problem, it is necessary to grasp the policy opportunities of real estate investment trust funds (REITs) in the field of infrastructure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Xiongan New District, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Hainan, and the Yangtze River Delta. , give full play to its important role in increasing the proportion of direct financing, improving the efficiency of local investment and financing, revitalizing stock assets, mobilizing the enthusiasm of social capital participation, and resolving local debts, etc., to provide strong support for accelerating the construction of new infrastructure.
